lumen gentium 16 summarylumen gentium 16 summary
Sous la maternelle protecrion, 9 dec. l9S7: AAS 50 (19S8) p. 39 s. (1) Conc. It seeks and experiences those things which are above, where Christ is seated at the right-hand of God, where the life of the Church is hidden with Christ in God until it appears in glory with its Spouse.(49). S. Io. (13) S. Clem. And it is intimated also in the practice, introduced in ancient times, of summoning several bishops to take part in the elevation of the newly elected to the ministry of the high priesthood. With love and solicitude Mother Church already embraces them as her own. Funk, I, p. 265 s.; 282; 232 246 s. Although the individual bishops do not enjoy the prerogative of infallibility, they nevertheless proclaim Christ's doctrine infallibly whenever, even though dispersed through the world, but still maintaining the bond of communion among themselves and with the successor of Peter, and authentically teaching matters of faith and morals, they are in agreement on one position as definitively to be held. (283) "He for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit from the Virgin Mary. Encycl. Because this is so, this Sacred Synod gathers together in . Saneta (catholica apostolica) Romana Ecelesia . Pius XII, Litt. A great many wonderful things are to be hoped for from this familiar dialogue between the laity and their spiritual leaders: in the laity a strengthened sense of personal responsibility; a renewed enthusiasm; a more ready application of their talents to the projects of their spiritual leaders. (202) Let them not, then, hide this hope in the depths of their hearts, but even in the program of their secular life let them express it by a continual conversion and by wrestling "against the world-rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness.(203). Extraordinary gifts are not to be sought after, nor are the fruits of apostolic labor to be presumptuously expected from their use; but judgment as to their genuinity and proper use belongs to those who are appointed leaders in the Church, to whose special competence it belongs, not indeed to extinguish the Spirit, but to test all things and hold fast to that which is good. Vat.II, Const. A bishop marked with the fullness of the sacrament of Orders, is "the steward of the grace of the supreme priesthood," (48*) especially in the Eucharist, which he offers or causes to be offered,(49*) and by which the Church continually lives and grows. 5, n. 104. Pius XI, Litt. Therefore, let the laity devotedly strive to acquire a more profound grasp of revealed truth, and let them insistently beg of God the gift of wisdom. The term laity is here understood to mean all the faithful except those in holy orders and those in the state of religious life specially approved by the Church. Florentinum, Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. St. Augustine puts this very beautifully when he says: "What I am for you terrifies me; what I am with you consoles me. in Apoc. Apost. Godefridus a S. Victore. as well as by arousing the ardent cooperation of the faithful. Cfr. Conc. In explicit terms He Himself affirmed the necessity of faith and baptism(124) and thereby affirmed also the necessity of the Church, for through baptism as through a door men enter the Church. In this way the building up of the earthly city may have its foundation in the Lord and may tend toward Him, lest perhaps those who build this city shall have labored in vain. Lumen Gentium holds a central place among council documents and has been received by the Church with nearly universal acclaim. Mystici Corporis, 1. c., pp 219-220; Denz. 122 Cf. IV 17, 5; PG 7, 1023; Harvey, 2, p. 199 s. Conc. 20. Full membership in the Church involves those who live under the visible representative of Christ. L. VIII, cap. Later. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. [1] It was prepared in a remarkable way throughout the history of the people of Israel and by means of the Old Covenant. . The Golden Anniversary: A Summary of the Vatican II Documents. His plan was to raise men to a participation of the divine life. Bishops thus, by praying and laboring for the people, make outpourings in many ways and in great abundance from the fullness of Christ's holiness. 1:12. Haer. Innocentius I, Epist. His Mother indeed kept these things to be pondered over in her heart. They also know that they were not ordained by Christ to take upon themselves alone the entire salvific mission of the Church toward the world. Iur. 14, 37: PL 45, 1015 s.: Non tantum continenti Dei donum est, sed coniugatorum etiam castitas. Tr. This union of the Mother with the Son in the work of salvation is made manifest from the time of Christ's virginal conception up to His death it is shown first of all when Mary, arising in haste to go to visit Elizabeth, is greeted by her as blessed because of her belief in the promise of salvation and the precursor leaped with joy in the womb of his mother. (68) Cfr. Ordinis, cap. Let no one think that religious have become strangers to their fellowmen or useless citizens of this earthly city by their consecration. At all times and in every race God has given welcome to whosoever fears Him and does what is right. 2, 1: PG 39 49 s. S. Thomas, In Col. 1, 18 cet. Sous la maternclle protection, 9 dec. 1957: AAS 50 (19S8) p. 36. They are warned by the Apostle to live "as becomes saints",(219) and to put on "as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved a heart of mercy, kindness, humility, meekness, patience",(220) and to possess the fruit of the Spirit in holiness. (169) This power, which they personally exercise in Christ's name, is proper, ordinary and immediate, although its exercise is ultimately regulated by the supreme authority of the Church, and can be circumscribed by certain limits, for the advantage of the Church or of the faithful. When the work which the Father gave the Son to do on earth (9) was accomplished, the Holy Spirit was sent on the day of Pentecost in order that He might continually sanctify the Church, and thus, all those who believe would have access through Christ in one Spirit to the Father. Let them strive to reconcile the two, remembering that in every temporal affair they must be guided by a Christian conscience, since even in secular business there is no human activity which can be withdrawn from God's dominion. Encycl Orientalis Ecclesiae, 9 apr. (21) Conc. (207) Now Christ has communicated this royal power to His disciples that they might be constituted in royal freedom and that by true penance and a holy life they might conquer the reign of sin in themselves. (161) To fulfill this mission, Christ the Lord promised the Holy Spirit to the Apostles, and on Pentecost day sent the Spirit from heaven, by whose power they would be witnesses to Him before the nations and peoples and kings even to the ends of the earth. 2. (8*) However, let the shepherds respectfully acknowledge that just freedom which belongs to everyone in this earthly city. S.S.C.S. I, Const.Dogm. 62, a. 63, a. etc. By these gifts He makes them fit and ready to undertake the various tasks and offices which contribute toward the renewal and building up of the Church, according to the words of the Apostle: "The manifestation of the Spirit is given to everyone for profit". PL 194, 1863 A. (44*), But when either the Roman Pontiff or the Body of Bishops together with him defines a judgment, they pronounce it in accordance with Revelation itself, which all are obliged to abide by and be in conformity with, that is, the Revelation which as written or orally handed down is transmitted in its entirety through the legitimate succession of bishops and especially in care of the Roman Pontiff himself, and which under the guiding light of the Spirit of truth is religiously preserved and faithfully expounded in the Church. Therefore, since they are tightly bound up in all types of temporal affairs it is their special task to order and to throw light upon these affairs in such a way that they may come into being and then continually increase according to Christ to the praise of the Creator and the Redeemer. In this singular way she cooperated by her obedience, faith, hope and burning charity in the work of the Saviour in giving back supernatural life to souls. (10) Cfr. Since the Church is in Christ like a sacrament or as a sign and instrument both of a very closely knit union with God and of the unity of the whole human race, it desires now to unfold more fully to the faithful of the Church and to the whole world its own inner nature and universal mission. (6) Cfr. Wherefore to promote the glory of God and procure the salvation of all of these, and mindful of the command of the Lord, "Preach the Gospel to every creature",(130) the Church fosters the missions with care and attention. The documents of recent Pontiffs regarding the jurisdiction of bishops must be interpreted in terms of this necessary determination of powers. (70) Cfr. Apost. And behold I am with you all days even to the consummation of the world". V, 23-24: GCS 11, 1, p. 488 ss. emptied Himself, taking the nature of a slave",(77) and "being rich, became poor"(78) for our sakes. Alla vostra filfale. vitae spir., c. 18. In our own time, however, it is most urgent that this distinction and also this harmony should shine forth more clearly than ever in the lives of the faithful, so that the mission of the Church may correspond more fully to the special conditions of the world today. 2:7; Ps. 42. It was the last and longest published document from the council and is the first constitution published by an ecumenical council to address the entire world. It also aids by its vigilant and safeguarding authority those institutes variously established for the building up of Christ's Body in order that these same institutes may grow and flourish according to the spirit of the founders. (10) Cfr. : in Prof. fidei Trid., 1. c. et Concl. (112) Through it, the people of God adheres unwaveringly to the faith given once and for all to the saints,(113) penetrates it more deeply with right thinking, and applies it more fully in its life. Ad coeli Reginam, 11 Oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954), pp. 11:13; 1 Tim. I, Const. Taking part in the Eucharistic sacrifice, which is the fount and apex of the whole Christian life, they offer the Divine Victim to God, and offer themselves along with It. 13-16. 73, a. "(17), Thus, the Church has been seen as "a people made one with the unity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Chrysostomus, In Io. et. (18*) And the Sacred Council teaches that by Episcopal consecration the fullness of the sacrament of Orders is conferred, that fullness of power, namely, which both in the Church's liturgical practice and in the language of the Fathers of the Church is called the high priesthood, the supreme power of the sacred ministry. In such a home husbands and wives find their proper vocation in being witnesses of the faith and love of Christ to one another and to their children. Consequently, even when preoccupied with temporal cares, the laity can and must perform a work of great value for the evangelization of the world. 60. Taken up to heaven she did not lay aside this salvific duty, but by her constant intercession continued to bring us the gifts of eternal salvation. 4, docet Ordinis sacramentum imprimere characterem indelebilem: Denz. (24*) The entire body of the faithful pours forth instant supplications to the Mother of God and Mother of men that she, who aided the beginnings of the Church by her prayers, may now, exalted as she is above all the angels and saints, intercede before her Son in the fellowship of all the saints, until all families of people, whether they are honored with the title of Christian or whether they still do not know the Saviour, may be happily gathered together in peace and harmony into one people of God, for the glory of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity. (25) Cfr. Lumen Gentium, Vatican II's Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, changed how the church thinks about the laity, holiness, baptism, and even the nature and purpose of the church itself. S. Petrus Canisius, Catechismus Maior seu Summa Doctrinae christianae, cap. Trid., Decr. 10. For the Church is compelled by the Holy Spirit to do her part that God's plan may be fully realized, whereby He has constituted Christ as the source of salvation for the whole world. S. Augustinus, Bapt. For all the salvific influence of the Blessed Virgin on men originates, not from some inner necessity, but from the divine pleasure. 12:4 Gal. II-II, q. The Lord called them blessed in His Gospel and they are those whom "the God of all graces, who has called us unto His eternal glory in Christ Jesus, will Himself, after we have suffered a little while, perfect, strengthen and establish".(226). Let them therefore teach the faithful that the authentic cult of the saints consists not so much in the multiplying of external acts, but rather in the greater intensity of our love, whereby, for our own greater good and that of the whole Church, we seek from the saints "example in their way of life, fellowship in their communion, and aid by their intercession. 16 Cf. (1) Cfr. Just as the priesthood of Christ is shared in various ways both by the ministers and by the faithful, and as the one goodness of God is really communicated in different ways to His creatures, so also the unique mediation of the Redeemer does not exclude but rather gives rise to a manifold cooperation which is but a sharing in this one source. Cfr. (214) He united her to Himself as His own body and brought it to perfection by the gift of the Holy Spirit for God's glory. Redeemed by reason of the merits of her Son and united to Him by a close and indissoluble tie, she is endowed with the high office and dignity of being the Mother of the Son of God, by which account she is also the beloved daughter of the Father and the temple of the Holy Spirit. Conc. 3:21; 2 Tim. "(23*) On the other hand, let them teach the faithful that our communion with those in heaven, provided that it is understood in the fuller light of faith according to its genuine nature, in no way weakens, but conversely, more thoroughly enriches the latreutic worship we give to God the Father, through Christ, in the Spirit. 2, 4: PG 62, 612: Saccrdos est symbolon . summary. 25, De invocatione Sanctorum: Denz. (172) Let him not refuse to listen to his subjects, whom he cherishes as his true sons and exhorts to cooperate readily with him. Apost. p. 504. (14) Quoad gratitudinem erga ipsos Sanctos, cfr. Eneyel. 22, cap. Hence the Commission, almost unanimously, decided that this wording should be used: "in hierarchical communion." Strengthened in Holy Communion by the Body of Christ, they then manifest in a concrete way that unity of the people of God which is suitably signified and wondrously brought about by this most august sacrament. Already from the beginning of the world the foreshadowing of the Church took place. "All Christians in any state or walk of life are called to the fullness of Christian life and to the perfection of charity. S. Ignatius M., Trall. Thus the Church prays and likewise labors so that into the People of God, the Body of the Lord and the Temple of the Holy Spirit, may pass the fullness of the whole world, and that in Christ, the head of all things, all honor and glory may be rendered to the Creator, the Father of the universe. Lumen Gentium (excerpt). Christ proposed to His disciples this form of life, which He, as the Son of God, accepted in entering this world to do the will of the Father. Leo XIII, Epist. 23. (291) In the course of her Son's preaching she received the words whereby in extolling a kingdom beyond the calculations and bonds of flesh and blood, He declared blessed(292) those who heard and kept the word of God, as she was faithfully doing. Read more. Lumen Gentium provides the doctrinal basis for consecrated life in the Church, while Perfectae Caritatis, one of the shortest documents of the Council, articulates the "general principles which. Fidei Donum, 21 apr. Whoever they are they are called upon, as living members, to expend all their energy for the growth of the Church and its continuous sanctification, since this very energy is a gift of the Creator and a blessing of the Redeemer. This edifice has many names to describe it: the house of God (37) in which dwells His family; the household of God in the Spirit;(38) the dwelling place of God among men;(39) and, especially, the holy temple. The classes and duties of life are many, but holiness is onethat sanctity which is cultivated by all who are moved by the Spirit of God, and who obey the voice of the Father and worship God the Father in spirit and in truth. Pius XII, Const. 64. Brief History. 23, cap. It is clear throughout that it is a question of the bishops acting in conjunction with their head, never of the bishops acting independently of the Pope. 994 et 999 (1862 et 1868). This freedom means that all men are to be immune from coercion on the part of individuals or of social groups and of any human power, in such wise that no one is to be forced to act in a manner contrary to his own beliefs, whether privately or publicly, whether alone or in association with others, within due limits. (9) Epist. In B. V. Pius XII, Alloc. Cod. 5:22. 22. (18*) In the first place we must recall the people to whom the testament and the promises were given and from whom Christ was born according to the flesh. (64*) By the power of the sacrament of Orders,(65*) in the image of Christ the eternal high Priest,(177) they are consecrated to preach the Gospel and shepherd the faithful and to celebrate divine worship, so that they are true priests of the New Testament. Lumen . Pius XI, Const. (47*), 26. De fide catholica, cap. (7*) All this they should do in emulation of those priests who often, down through the course of the centuries, left an outstanding example of the holiness of humble and hidden service. The prelate pleads in particular for "space for reflection" and a "mindset" that would allow the conciliar text on episcopal collegiality to be re-written in terms more consistent with the Tradition of the Church. Ipinahayag ito ni Papa Pablo VInoong Nobyembre 21, 1964, matapos ito sang-ayunan ng mga obispo sa boto na 2,151 laban sa 5. Iconocl. (50*) For in their locality these are the new People called by God, in the Holy Spirit and in much fullness. Cfr. S.Ignatius M. Trall. (42) Cfr. Since the Supreme Pontiff is head of the College, he alone is able to perform certain actions which are not at all within the competence of the bishops, e.g., convoking the College and directing it, approving norms of action, etc. 55. S. Irenaeus, adv. Conc. http://riceschool.orgThis video gives a brief overview of this document from Vatican II. S 19: PL 17, 479 C ct in Eph. assim. 32. Priests, prudent cooperators with the Episcopal order,(72*) its aid and instrument, called to serve the people of God, constitute one priesthood (73*) with their bishop although bound by a diversity of duties. By the proclamation of the Gospel she prepares her hearers to receive and profess the faith. "(1*) This divine mystery of salvation is revealed to us and continued in the Church, which the Lord established as His body. (30) On that land the ancient olive tree grows whose holy roots were the Prophets and in which the reconciliation of Jews and Gentiles has been brought about and will be brought about. Sacramentarium Gregorianum: PL 78, 160 B.Vel C. Mohlberg, Liber Sactamentorum romanae ecclesiae, Romao 195O, p. 111, XC:.Deus, qui ex omni coaptacione sanctorum aeternum tibi condis habitaculum.. Hymnus Urbs Ierusalem beata in Breviario monastico, et Coclest urbs Ierusalem in Breviario Romano. . (117) It was for this purpose that God sent His Son, whom He appointed heir of all things,(118) that be might be teacher, king and priest of all, the head of the new and universal people of the sons of God. In all of Christ's disciples the Spirit arouses the desire to be peacefully united, in the manner determined by Christ, as one flock under one shepherd, and He prompts them to pursue this end. (5) Cfr. Conc. Mystici Corporis Christi is a papal encyclical issued by Pope Pius XII on June 29, 1943, during World War II, which affirms that the Church is the Mystical Body of Christ. Basing itself upon Sacred Scripture and Tradition, it teaches that the Church, now sojourning on earth as an exile, is necessary for salvation. Christ is the light of nations. Trid., l. c., Denz. (18) Cfr. 1826 (3059). crit. But that ominous doctrine which attempts to build a society with no regard whatever for religion, and which attacks and destroys the religious liberty of its citizens, is rightly to be rejected (5*). The pastoral office or the habitual and daily care of their sheep is entrusted to them completely; nor are they to be regarded as vicars of the Roman Pontiffs, for they exercise an authority that is proper to them, and are quite correctly called "prelates," heads of the people whom they govern. 1, I, i, p. 22. But the whole process of Vatican II, including this document, did prove to be a catalyst for ecumenical dialogue in many ways. Therefore, by their competence in secular training and by their activity, elevated from within by the grace of Christ, let them vigorously contribute their effort, so that created goods may be perfected by human labor, technical skill and civic culture for the benefit of all men according to the design of the Creator and the light of His Word. (2*), From the point of view of the divine and hierarchical structure of the Church, the religious state of life is not an intermediate state between the clerical and lay states. The Role of the Blessed Mother in the Economy of Salvation. III, q. Since the kingdom of Christ is not of this world(120) the Church or people of God in establishing that kingdom takes nothing away from the temporal welfare of any people. Leo XIII, Epist. Lumen Gentium - The Light of Nations. 146 Cf. S. Cyprianus, Epist. 9, 375-396. And as they sanctify and govern under the bishop's authority, that part of the Lord's flock entrusted to them they make the universal Church visible in their own locality and bring an efficacious assistance to the building up of the whole body of Christ. (7*) The Church has piously implored the aid of their intercession. (290), 58. 7, 111-116; Cow. Finally, Christian spouses, in virtue of the sacrament of Matrimony, whereby they signify and partake of the mystery of that unity and fruitful love which exists between Christ and His Church,(108) help each other to attain to holiness in their married life and in the rearing and education of their children. 117:22. (29), The Church is a piece of land to be cultivated, the tillage of God. The Church in this is mindful that she must bring together the nations for that king to whom they were given as an inheritance,(121) and to whose city they bring gifts and offerings. Pius XII, Alloc. And in order that the episcopate itself might be one and undivided, He placed Blessed Peter over the other apostles, and instituted in him a permanent and visible source and foundation of unity of faith and communion. Vat. Church authority has the duty, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, of interpreting these evangelical counsels, of regulating their practice and finally to build on them stable forms of living. To these definitions the assent of the Church can never be wanting, on account of the activity of that same Holy Spirit, by which the whole flock of Christ is preserved and progresses in unity of faith. Lumen Gentium rightly calls the Church "the universal sacrament of salvation" since Christ, who "is continually active in the world," leads all people to the Church so that He may "join them more closely to Himself." "(9*), THE UNIVERSAL CALL TO HOLINESS IN THE CHURCH. Pius XI, Litt. to the state of those faithful called the laity. But the faithful must cling to their bishop, as the Church does to Christ, and Jesus Christ to the Father, so that all may be of one mind through unity,(61*) and abound to the glory of God. I, Const. 8, 1; 14, 22-23; 20, 17, et passim. (251) By that same charity however, we are urged to live more for Him, who died for us and rose again. passim. Beda, In Lc. Can., can. Nicaenum, I can. 2:20. Litt. 3, 7: PL 2, 357 C, CSEL 47, 3 p. 386. (184) intent always upon the welfare of God's children, they must strive to lend their effort to the pastoral work of the whole diocese, and even of the entire Church. In line with all significant Roman Catholic Church documents, it is colloquially known ad Lumen Gentium (Light of the Nations), the first words in the document. Wherefore this Holy Synod, in expounding the doctrine on the Church, in which the divine Redeemer works salvation, intends to describe with diligence both the role of the Blessed Virgin in the mystery of the Incarnate Word and the Mystical Body, and the duties of redeemed mankind toward the Mother of God, who is mother of Christ and mother of men, particularly of the faithful. (42) It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb,(43) whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her",(44) whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes",(45) and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity,(46) and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. 96 Neh. (268) Therefore the union of the wayfarers with the brethren who have gone to sleep in the peace of Christ is not in the least weakened or interrupted, but on the contrary, according to the perpetual faith of the Church, is strengthened by communication of spiritual goods. 590-591. For it is the duty of all bishops to promote and to safeguard the unity of faith and the discipline common to the whole Church, to instruct the faithful to love for the whole mystical body of Christ, especially for its poor and sorrowing members and for those who are suffering persecution for justice's sake,(160) and finally to promote every activity that is of interest to the whole Church, especially that the faith may take increase and the light of full truth appear to all men. Et sane, 17 dec. 1888: AAS 21 (1888) p. 321. Encycl. They continually stir up the fervor of charity. Pius XII, Litt. The Church, to which we are all called in Christ Jesus, and in which we acquire sanctity through the grace of God, will attain its full perfection only in the glory of heaven, when there will come the time of the restoration of all things. (13*) It is supremely fitting, therefore, that we love those friends and coheirs of Jesus Christ, who are also our brothers and extraordinary benefactors, that we render due thanks to God for them (14*) and "suppliantly invoke them and have recourse to their prayers, their power and help in obtaining benefits from God through His Son, Jesus Christ, who is our Redeemer and Saviour. (2) Cfr. He is the image of the invisible God and in Him all things came into being. dogm. (21*) Hence after the Synod of Ephesus the cult of the people of God toward Mary wonderfully increased in veneration and love, in invocation and imitation, according to her own prophetic words: "All generations shall call me blessed, because He that is mighty hath done great things to me". Haer. Cfr. 4. Ambrosiascr In I Tim. (254) Since however we know not the day nor the hour, on Our Lord's advice we must be constantly vigilant so that, having finished the course of our earthly life,(255) we may merit to enter into the marriage feast with Him and to be numbered among the blessed(256) and that we may not be ordered to go into eternal fire(257) like the wicked and slothful servant,(258) into the exterior darkness where "there will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth". Because of the very economy of salvation the faithful should learn how to distinguish carefully between those rights and duties which are theirs as members of the Church, and those which they have as members of human society. M., Philad., Praef. X, Apologia Pauperum, c. 3, 3: cd. 2, 3: ib., p. 242. Between all the parts of the Church there remains a bond of close communion whereby they share spiritual riches, apostolic workers and temporal resources. III, q. Decr., p. 8. 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