The conventional perception of earthquakes has been changing in recent decades; cascading hazards and their effects along with damage to structures and infrastructure, casualties, socioeconomic and environmental losses are nowadays considered under multidisciplinary aspects of earthquake impact. Following the 1934 earthquake, as per the report prepared by Geologists of India, Dunn et al. Earthq. Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. More than 80,000 houses were damaged. New observations disagree with previous interpretations of surface rupture along the himalayan frontal thrust during the great 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake. First published on Sat 25 Apr 2015 16.53 EDT. Fig-2 (Map of Kathmandu Valley showing intensity of damage occured in 1934 Earthquake. Soc. Major Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). Ambraseys N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes; Geophys. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). Bettinelli P, Avouac J-P, Flouzat M, Jouanne F, Bollinger L, Willis P and Chitrakar G R 2006 Plate motion of India and interseismic strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS measurements; J. Geod. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw. You can also search for this author in Diversity, distribution, and abundance status of small mammalian fauna (Chiroptera: Rodentia: Eulipotyphla) of Manipur, India, Indian states' electricity transition (SET) . http://bit.ly/2bO3W3i. Nature 136, 485486 (1935). A., Auden, J. Bihar Earthquake, 1934. Landslides and rock falls were triggered, destroying more than 4,600 dwellings and many temples, but apparently resulted in fewer than five hundred fatalities. J. Int. Just after the avalanche, about 200 people were left stranded on the mountain as help couldn't reach them due to the risky condition of the mountain. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. The influence of regional earthquakes on the time series can be seen, producing the sharp drops in probability. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. When we look back in to history and find these types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad. Earthquake Forecasting and Hazard Analysis, This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. Survey of India, Calcuta (391 pp). Revolutions happen, The two atomic bombings from Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, America is no stranger to the devastating impact a political, Timeline: 1 May 1960: An American U-2 spy plane being, During World War I prices in Germany had doubled, but, The fiasco of the Afghan presidential election of 2009 is, On February 20th, President Vladimir Putin released a warning to the West over Ukraine, by, Do you know how to protect yourself in case of an earthquake? India 31, 104 pp.79. As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. Lave, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S. N., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M., & Pandey, R. (2005). Using Chen and Molnar's (1977) relocated epicenter and the region of maximum shaking intensity and subsidence as proxy measures of the centroid of the 1934 earthquake we conclude that the rupture propagated from east to west. B. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published (Rec. Their most famous difference and debate was in 1934 when Gandhi was reported in the press to have made a statement following the devastating Bihar earthquake of 1934: "I want you to be superstitious enough to believe with me that the earthquake is a divine chastisement for the great sin we have committed against those whom we describe as Harijans". The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. Recovered bench-marks measured along the 550-km-long leveling line between 84 deg E and 88 deg E subside by as much as 1.1m near points that have subsided by less than 0.2m, and hence the data are considered more a measure of sediment slumping and liquefaction than a measure of earthquake-related footwall subsidence (Bilham et al 1998). [9][10], Mahatma Gandhi visited the Bihar state. [7] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. Science, 294, 23282331. Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. Mr. Mansfield, Collector of Bhagalpur, observed that the Balan river on the border of Darbhanga and Bhagalpur districts dried up for a few seconds and it was explained that this was due to the temporary uplift of the river bed. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. Geol. Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. 1. Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) Hough, S., and R. Bilham, (2008). Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). Geodetic Branch Survey of India (p. 97). Nandy D R, Choudhury A K, Chakraborty C and Narula P L 1993 Geological Survey of India, Bihar-Nepal earthquake, August 20, 1988; Spec. Ambraseys, N., & Douglas, J. J. Seismological Research Letters, XX, 19. Bull. Brett (1935) reported 7253 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake John Auden (brother of the poet laureat W.H. Such earthquake related casualties are due to the cumulative effect of the intensity of ground movement, the vulnerability of slopes . The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. Nasu, N. (1935). Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. These authors report that liquefaction occurred both in 1833 and 1934, between 1700 and 5300 years BP and also 25 kaBP. the Kinnaur earthquake (1975), Dharam . Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. 34 L08304, doi:10.1029/2006GL029192. Journalof EarthSystem Science 117, 773782. Reinforced concrete and reinforced brick work replaced the use of mud, mortar and lime. Saquib Salim is a well known historian under whose supervision various museums (Red Fort, National Library, IFFI, Jallianwala Bagh etc.) Bihar earthquake 1934 6,000 . Himalayan tectonics: A modern synthesis. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Thank you for visiting nature.com. India Geol. Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Rizza, M., Van Der Woerd, J., Tiwari, D. R., Pandey, R., Bitri, A., & Bes de Berc, S. (2014). The flood may result due to damage caused to the dams. Status and action to be taken Status and action to be taken under Graded Response Action Plan in Delhi NCR: EPCA Press Conference, Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding blast at JSPL's Raigarh plant, 28/02/2023, Fist fights and clashes at public hearing for coal mine project of Jindal Steel, Indian states' electricity transition (SET), Why banning the fossil fuel industry from climate change negotiations may not be necessary, National Knowledge Commission Government of India, India Environment Portal by Centre for Science and Environment. Geol. All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground.[5]. Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes. 13,414 buildings were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were completely destroyed. 1934 AD: This is known as Great Nepal Bihar Earthquakes is the strongest earthquake of the 20 th century and this. (2013). [9], The number of deaths was 10,70012,000[4][2] with 7,253 recorded in Bihar. Springer, Singapore. Will The Chinese Spy Balloon Start a War With China? It was then learnt that the area enclosed by the Ganges, the Gandak and the Kosi, in which lie the districts of Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Bhagalpur had suffered most severely. 1442-1444. L. Fermor. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. Top 5 Most Violent States to Live in The US, The US Armys 5 Disastrous Wartime Decisions, 6 of the Most Powerful Revolutions in History, 6 Times We Have Avoided All Out Nuclear War, Devastating Political Assassinations That Changed History, The Story Behind The U2 Spy Plane And All Its Consequences May, 1, 1960, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 1922-1923, Putins Finger Is on the Nuclear Bomb: Heres Where You Could Hide, Warning: Americans Should Prepare for an Earthquake (5 Tips), 5 Devastating Deaths That Impacted History, US States Most Likely to Get an Earthquake, Dangerous Surgeries! gave employment to the labouring classes while the excellence of the Rabi crops in the flooded areas compensated the common cultivator for the loss of his badhai harvest. Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. The agricultural field was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 Bihar earthquake. Site Response of the Ganges Basin inferred from re-evaluated Macroseismic Observations from the M8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934 Nepal M8.1 earthquakes. Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5% of building collapse! Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. Earthquake related casualties are due effects of bihar earthquake 1934 the dams Champaran and north Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in of! 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