. On reaching the circle, they miarch onice round the outside of it, and then enter it through the openiina in the embankment, and continue marching round until all of them are within the ring. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. The bull-roarer was attached to about 1.5 metres of string and whirled rapidly about, creating an unearthly noise. Long before resource companies moved in to tap into the rich coal reserves below, surgeon James Bowman established the Ravensworth Estate in 1824 and it became a hub for horticultural experimentation. The old men stretched themselves out on the ground and howled dreadfully. Change the target language to find translations. Turning their attention from the cattle raid, the blacks attacked the hut where the A. Sir By the directions of T. Cook, Esq., our Supt of Police, and in explanation of that part of your letter to him dated the 30th July, relative to the aboriginal black named in the margin [Jemmy], I do myself the honor to inform you that the said black native was tried at this court on 29th January last, and found guilty of an assault and robbery, and committed to take his trial before the Supreme Court. As James Miller explains in his bookKoori a Will to Win, The land held the key to lifes secrets. and other materials from their communities that are in the collections, and access to cultural material. Where the line was rolled the skin of the operative was hardened by the application of hot ashes, and in time be- came calloused, smooth, and as hard as dried leather. The guardians or some of the other men then shout out, as if addressing someone, The boys are here yet! AEST = Australian Eastern Standard Time which is 10 hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), abc.net.au/news/future-historic-hunter-valley-homestead-showdown-indigenous-coal/100678594, Get breaking news alerts directly to your phone with our app, Help keep family & friends informed by sharing this article, Supplied: Eastern Maar Aboriginal Cooperation, Daily letter deliveries in the firing line as part of new Australia Post review, Defiant Wilkinson lays out defamation defence, Edmund Rice Education Australia issues apology to parents at Victorian school for failing to meet child safety standards, Station master arrested over deadly Greece train collision, Australia leads India by 47 runs after spin dominates day one of the third Test, Three unpublicised data breaches affected millions of Australians' personal details, according to watchdog, NSW mother to be sentenced next month for 24yo daughter's manslaughter, Key figures from the Voice 'Yes' and 'No' campaigns explain the state of play, Dutton warns against UK submarines for AUKUS, drawing fire from government, 'Inconceivable': Inquiry says Australia needs new laws to avoid another Juukan Gorge disaster, First Nations leaders urge NSW to adopt Juukan Gorge findings, Kobe Bryant family settles lawsuit for $41 million over graphic 2020 helicopter crash photos, 'People are starting to run out of money': Businesses brace for downturn as GDP numbers show rate hikes biting, Man issued with $11,000 Robodebt bill tells royal commission he was made to 'feel like a welfare cheat', ANZ bank apologises after customers' personal information found in Perth skip bin, How farmers and supermarkets will deal with collapse of national freight carrier, Nightmare construction problems reach boiling point in the west, as homeowners consider legal action. singleton-h.school@det.nsw.edu.au. The men at the camp pull the leaves off the boughs thrown down by the keerang, who sit down at one end of the clear space. The Kabook and Watoo people of the Gringai clan of the Worimi Nation (The Cook family) have lived continually in the Barrington for over 189 years recorded by the first white settlers 1826, until the present Cook Family Descendants from the Kabook and Watoo people speak the Kattang (or Gathang) language and it has been recorded that they are the last of the true custodians and Clan within the boundaries of the Allyn and Williams river up stream to Gummi Falls on the Manning River known as Kummi Kummi (Place of many Crystal stones), Barrington Tops (Beann Beann), Rawdon Vale, Barrington, Gloucester up to the Manning river down to Cresford the Karuah River and the Bulliac Tugrabakh Bora Ground area, some 13km from Gloucester. Any use of the language materials, and historical records, should be done in consultation with the WNAC. [5], The Wonnarua people appeared to use a similar language to the Awabakal people, called Awabakal language, that is being reviewed by oral historians and linguists in order to develop a comprehensive dictionary of the language of the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie regions. . Members are despatched to summon tribes from far and near, and on their return full preparations are made for the celebration, a place being selected and a day appointed. During the early part of each day, the men go out hunting, and bring home the results of the chase, consisting of kangaroos, iguanas, birds, and other game, as well as wild honey. At the keelaybang a camp is formed by erecting a long, continuous gunyah or mia-mia in the following manner. While this tumultuous noise is going on, the guardians say to each other that they suppose Goign [Ko-en] is killing all the women and children in the camp. Holding the lads firmly, the men then began a mad, wild dance, about the fire, working themselves up to a pitch of terrific excitement until they suddenly sprang on the blazing coals and began to stamp them out. [8] See also [ edit] On another occasion, at a much later date, I came across another initiation ceremony when proceeding through the bush. They had their little spots over deep water (and the. A dreamtime story from the Wonnarua explains how the hills and rivers in the Hunter Valley were created by a spirit called Baiame. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p9. The fire got rid of those. These blacks were in the habit of going to the huts for tucker, and probably the hutkeeper thought that they were too much of a nuisance so he poisoned the flour and gave it to them, causing them to die in terrible agony. You can also try the grid of 16 letters. P.S. Each owned his favorite spears; clubs, (cooterah); shield, (cooreel); throwing-stick, (purrah-mirre); and boomerangs. While the ceremonies were in progress, there would be an incessant noise of the bull-roarers (flat notched sticks whirled at the end of a cord to drive off debbil- debbils, keep the women at a distance, and impart the correct amount of terror to the trembling lads who were soon to become men. "We go through the normal processes of applying for funding if there's funding available, doesn't matter if it's from Glencore, Yancoal or Mach Energy.". Note the way the dilli-bag is slung. Strangely enough neither men nor women adorned themselves with ornaments of any description, being content to present themselves to the world as Nature so fashioned them. A third, holding a green branch, stood at the side calling out the names of everyone of whom he could apparently think, at the same time lightly striking the coffin with the wand. The other method of securing fish was by spearing them. He used to tell us the blacks at times would what they called fuddle the water with the bark of the turpentine tree, making the fish come to the top, where they were caught by hand. Climactically the upper tooth was extracted by an elder and the slightest indication of objection or pain resulted in ridicule. From my point of observation I beheld a conical fire burning in the midst of a cleared space, very similar to the one I have described as being at the foot of the hill. hbbd``b`$AC $ IuK`R"sDlqXLW@z%3.` /1 endstream endobj startxref These tasty morsels were shaped like tiny puddings, and when ripe would be eaten raw. I have mentioned that the aboriginals (possessed a keen sense of humor and were marvellously clever mimics. The coffin was lifted upon the shoulders. They came upon them at Black Camp Creek and wiped out the tribe, with the exception of one black named Mundiva. . The men help each other at this work, until every man and boy present have been painted white all over their bodies. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 29 Dec 1905 Page 1 Scraps of Early History, About 8 miles up the Kerripit River from Rawden Vale one comes out what were known to an older generation as McKenzies Cliffs, in places 200 feet above the river and some two or three hundred yards from the top of these cliffs a beautiful and magnificent view meets the eye, seemingly almost underneath this the clear country of Teragie, while in the far distance one gets a glimpse of Upper Cobark and all around the rugged jumble of mountains. Bark was then carefully placed over the body. But the blacks remained, and many of my earliest recollections are of them. This station was In the care of 4 or 5 unarmed men (convicts). When these two men get close to the goonambang they gently hit the boomerangs which they carry in their hands against those in their belts, and the hosts answer, huk! We could hear the clashing of nullas and spears, and the sound of the boomerangs clipping the tree leaves. One or more of the tribes who intended, to be present may have been unavoidably detained on the way, and do not reach the main camp until a few days after the novices have been taken away. The Wonnarua were part of the land. As in fact they did at Wattenbakh, on the Barrington River, where they killed seven of the shepherds. The mothers are painted on the chest and arms, and are invested with their personal adornments. A vivid chapter in the earliest history of Glen William deals with the wiping out of a tribe of blacks, and Black Camp of to-day doubtless takes its name from it. Around Dungog the blacks believed when a man became ill with a wasting sick- ness, that one of these medicine-men had crept in under cover of darkness and. Responsibility . He more than anyone, seemed to enjoy the joke best. The kinship group was the economic and social unit of the tribe. of the same class ran off together they were punished by death if captured.A man was not permitted to speak to his wifes mother and could only do so through a third party. Some of the men go to the goonambang and camp there, and during the night they swing a bull-roarer at intervals, and the women at the kackaroo beat their rugs and sing in response, whilst the men give the customary shout. Give contextual explanation and translation from your sites ! Coen [also spelt Koin] is an imaginary male being who has now, and has always had, the appearance of a black; he resides in thick bushes and he is seen occasionally by day, but mostly at light. Learn how First Nation communities and artists are using ghost net sculptures as a way to tell traditional stories. Online help is available anytime from other FamilySearch users. Then panic stricken they turned to the cliff edge and sprang into space and so perished. Robert Syron, The Kabook and Watoo People of the Gringai Barrington River Gloucester, NSW https://goo.gl/MfqAYm (SYR). The Wonnarua were part of the land. Contact Us They have also attacked Mr Nowlands station, a few miles lower down, and the enclosed from Mr Cook, which I have just received, will disclose to you the tenor of their conduct towards his men. He then jumped his wedges and thus held them prisoners, and then knocked them all on the head with his maul and killed them. Fish, as a general term, was muckeroo. Then came the individual sorts as follows: Porpoise, cooprar; shark, toorarcle; turtle, coorahcumarn; snapper, kurrang- cum; jew-fish, turrahwurrah; mullet, peewah; bream, coopere; stingray, billorn; torpedo-fish, kirrepoontoo; eel, toonang; fiathead, tarrahwarng; oysters, nonnung; cray-fish, wirrah; crab, beerah; shrimp, punnoong. Coola-benn, Native Chief of Ashe Island, Hunters RIver. Thus was the culprit found. The Tribal group I belong to are known as the Gringai Clan and are a part of the Wonnarua people in general. The chase was a big part of the lives of the males, and strange to relate the spoils were usually divided equally among the various members of the tribe. The fury of the elements seldom disturbed them. Mack- ensie Massacre and the massacre on the Bowman River Flat. But they seldom did this In the presence of the women. wD0I*KLWO1?g}1QEl&NJ*p"_$Jf^C?jgF7]}ry5hiTgp^oq1hz"2*,/sSY57z} >g$U0%8 Ame$H'X:PBnv%_Vg~{)>LGc{$:LqjhEY`Vu}}~Os :p*n? These arrivals generally take place in the afternoon a few hours before sundown. It was confidently believed that the pain would leave the mans body by way of the cord ahd passing down with the blood from the womans mouth, dissipate Itself in the water. The top, fitted into this slot, would be made firm with cords of animal sinews or flbre ( and coated oyer with gum from the grass-tree. The site is listed on the Register of the National Estate and is considered a sacred site. Company despatched their small body of veterans time-expired soldiers from Carrington to supplement the civilians, but the soldiers never reached the scene of operations, having halted and retired when within 6 miles of the station, fearing an ambush, leaving the decision to the two civilian bodies, who enacted a terrible vengeance. As soon as they had prostrated themselves they were covered up with blankets and possum skin rugs by an old black who kept guard over them, with a heavy waddy in his hand, ready to knock any of the women on the head if they evinced signs 0 f restlessness or undue curiosity In the proceedings. We children were out for a walk with our faithful servant Fanny, when I, noticing a big mangrove tree on the edge of the bay, I climbed to its top-most branches. Lettris is a curious tetris-clone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. See if you can get into the grid Hall of Fame ! Naturally I was eager to see this Interesting spectacle, and rode once more to the camp at the foot of the hill some days later. The women then step out of the ring, and stand a few yards from it, where they remain till the conclusion of the performance. %PDF-1.7 % 1 have been informed that in some tribes the blacks use a vine to aid in climbing, putting it round the tree and working It upwards to form a continual support. Their minstrelsy was to amuse, and they extracted from it the maximum of pleasure. With their children they were patient, affectionate and marvellously forbearing. FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Here the final tragedy occurred; a stand was made by the blacks, but in vain. . The English word games are: You have reached the end of the main content. The marsupials ran in large mobs, easily driven by the nimble natives to a point where waiting groups could spear them with ease. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p3. Virtual event 100% FREE | March 2-4, 2023. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. The women and children are also told to lie down, and are covered over with rugs and bushes, some of the men running round amongst them to see that this formality is properly carried out. White men are not allowed to be present at this great ceremony, but by bribing one of the leading men I was permitted to be present at a part of the performance on condition that I did not come so near the company as to annoy the assembled tribes. FamilySearch is an international, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping all people discover their family story. The fish always travelled from west to east, and close inshore, on the northern side of the harbor, usually making their appearance off Carrington about the time of wo-kercoopa, or high-water. With our collection of billions of records, you can piece together your ancestors history and bring their stories to life.. There were formerly several marked trees, around the goonambang, but they have all been burnt down and destroyed by bushfires. The women and children walked to the kackaroo and were told to lie face down in the middle of the large circle. At Port Stephens the tribe was happily situated in the matter of provender. In the days of which I speak the great bats subsisted entirely on gum blossoms and what native fruits were available In the brushes. Many of these objects are on display in our First Nations galleries, Garrigarrang and Bayala Nura. An epic of the fight must have been the struggle between a big Irishman named Whalan and his foes as when his body was found it had four spears through it and no less than seven blacks were lying near him with their skulls smashed by a heavy rail with which he had apparently armed himself. They went into the water-hole one after the other, and came out in the same way. They never felled a tree, but climbed it by cutting nicks in the tree for toe holts. The spears were really wonderful weapons; long, slender and graceful, and fashioned with a balance that was amazingly perfect. In those early days the blacks knew little of matches, and certainly never used them for the purpose of lighting their fires. This would take out the sap and render the wood reasonably soft for application of the tools used as scrapers. He did not plant his roots deep in the soil as does a white man and his house was not constructed to withstand the ravaging hand of time nor to defy the fury of the elements. It is said that the youths mother is custodian of the tooth and takes great care of it. Ethnological series No. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. I have been to two corroborees, said Mr. Irwin. Boggle. The Australian Museums Egyptian Collection includes over one thousand objects and is one of the largest public collections of Egyptian antiquities in Australia. All of them then join hands, each man having hold of the hand of the man or boy on his right and oni his left, having their faces toward the fire in the centre, and form a complete circle round the women. Mr. McKenzie, a son-in-law of Mr. John Rawden was the first manager and no doubt he had many difficulties to contend with, one of his chief troubles being caused by his employees, almost all of whom were assigned servants (convicts), many being hardened criminals. The Port Stephens blacks : recollections of William Scott (National Library of Australia) (SCO), The journal of Charles Boydel (State Library of NSW) (CBJ). When such a contingent gets within about a days journey of the main camp, a messenger is sent on to report that they will arrive next day or the day following. The hull of the little vessel was made of a single sheet of bark of the stringy-bark (punnah) tree, obtained from a tall, straight clean bole. The Wonnarua also had trade and ceremonial links with the Kamilaroi people. They will remain in custody awaiting your orders respecting them. Browse for your location and find more local ABC News and information. The woman about to be married made a camp and a fire, to which the man was led by his father or any old man of the tribe. Some language documentation may also record words and meanings inaccurately. Never at any time could we get them to men- tion the name of anyone who had died. Wildlife dwindled. During this time some old men perform feats of juglery, and exhibit white stones (quartz crystals) to the novices. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. The form of the grave was oval, and its depth when finished short of four feet. The gaps between the ties of the vines at stem and stern would be plugged with clay, so skilfully introduced that the whole craft would be absolutely watertight. The mothers of the boys are on the outside, or farthest from the fire, which is composed of pieces of wood and bark, slowly burning within the circle of green bushes which are laid around it. The Wonnarua. They were astonished and indignant. Most of these womerahs were highly polished by fat and ashes rubbed into them. Two fled south, one of whom (an elderly man) was overtaken early in the pursuit; the other a man named Green traversed the wild mountain[s] .. of the Upper Gloucester, Monkerai, Wangat and Chichester Rivers, resting only to fly again from the sounds of his relentless dusky pursuers. It means a place to be shunned. Respect . Good temper pervaded their whole conduct, and it was hard to put any of them out of countenance. Discover your story through inspiring classes and speakers from all over the globe. There are hardly any left, except in odd places, just a wreck of what they were. If a wanton slayer of the [womens] sacred bird were detected in his crime, the women would give way to outbursts of furious passion. [The] vessels enabled many a meal to be obtained by the fisherwomen when the great schools of fish were not in evidence. National Native Title Council chief executiveJamie Lowe said lessons could be taken from the Juukan Gorge final report when assessing Aboriginal cultural heritage. [This] is not only a scandal and a disgrace to the district but lead[s] to much ill-blood and foul murder itself. [4], In the area surrounding Awaba (Lake Macquarie) in New South Wales, Australia,[5][6] he was believed to have created all of the mountains, lakes, rivers and caves in the area. It is therefore necessary to give them a little relaxation to afford them an opportunity of regaining their strength before attempting the journey to the kweealbang. The sisters of the novices each pick up a piece of burning bark from a fire close by the ring, where they have been smouldering ready for use. I have included the vocabularies from works clearly indicating the tribe they are referring to is Gringai, and have included multiple entries where they exist. Coen was responsible for the storms, floods, droughts and fires and had carried off manyfor offences against tribal laws. We actively repatriate material from our collections to Indigenous cultural centres and keeping places, and collaborate directly with communities to return significant cultural objects and ancestral remains to their places of origin. all one afternoon, until stopped by the manager of the station and his men, but while the manager was persuading the. Their movements are made as noiselessly as possible, so that the women may not hear them coming. After they had camped together the ceremony was complete. Old Mr. Collier, the school teacher, asked the blacks to permit the school boys to see the ceremony. If it is intended to erect the camp only a little way off, the pole is short; but if the new camp is some distance away, the pole is long. The constables and soldiers arrived at Lawlers hut and were to sleep there this night and in the morning begin their search for the blacks. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954). Anagrams The Wonnarua people are the traditional land owners of the Singleton area and their lands extend throughout the Hunter Valley and have occupied the Upper Hunter for at least 30,000 years, with traditional knowledge holding that occupation extends back to the early stages of the Dreaming. Daily Performances at the Main Camp.- Every day the men go out hunting,, and meet each other in the evening an hour or so before sundown at the goonambang. Then they would begin on their own account. Each child, at birth, was placed in a certain class or totem, and could only marry some person from an entirely different class or totem, their particular classification being indicated by its distinguishing name. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p4, Intermarriage of families was strictly forbidden, and incest was a crime pun- ishable with death. it appears that from 14 to 20 blacks had come with a decided intention of killing some of the sheep if they could not get flour. Find your family in the world's largest shared family tree. . These were particular favorites, and it was no uncommon sight to see a group of excited blacks hacking at a log and dragging out the long, squirming worms ( which they would swallow raw and wriggling. English thesaurus is mainly derived from The Integral Dictionary (TID). Figure 8: A sketch of a bora ground near Gloucester, showing the position of the two rings 18 chains or 362 metres apart. Many textiles reflect the traditional methods of production, design and use. This was to show that they were [grieving]. I. am informed they are camped between my place and Mr Boydells. These men were employed as shepherds and whenever they got a chance practised almost unbelievable cruelties on the blacks, but stealing the black women was the most serious in the eyes of the aborigines. 30 Editable Family Tree Templates [100% Free] March 27, 2021 8 Mins Read. These logs were generally supposed to have been left by floods, but I never felt satisfied, for they were mostly about the same distance apart. I was molested only last week by wild blacks between Dungog and Stroud and discharged my musket at several who threw spears at us. A dreamtime story from the Wonnarua explains how the hills and rivers in the Hunter Valley were created by a spirit called Baiame. ?D*1q4"'7fw +3k I |`! Sir The aboriginal black named in the margin [McCarthy,] for whose appre- hension a reward of 10 was offered some time since in the Govt Gazette, has lately made his appearance in this neighbourhood, and could be easily captured, but as. The spelling is as was recorded by the various sources. The novices are then put back in their former places, and the keerang proceed to erect their quarters, by adding to one end of the same line of forks and bushes already described. Sir, I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 19th instant relative to the individual named in the margin [Cooky], and have no hesitation in saying, from the peaceable, honest, and orderly conduct of the blacks in this quarter for many months past it would be perfectly safe to return Cooky to his tribe nay I am sure it would do great good, for he is an intelligent fellow, and will communicate to his friends all he has seen - and come through since they parted, this paving the way to their future improvement, while it must ensure gratitude and good will to the whites. Thus their visitor was put at his ease, and in a most tactful manner. Each messenger on arriving at his destination would be received in the manner already described, and would hand the bull-roarer to the head-man, who would take charge of it, and the tails would be distributed to the men to whom they had been sent. 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Wattenbakh, on the chest and arms, and fashioned with a balance that was amazingly.!: Durham and Gloucester Advertiser ( NSW: 1894 - 1954 ) 27, 2021 8 Mins Read Irwin... Are invested with their children they were [ grieving ] Christ of Latter-day Saints as. Made by the blacks to permit the school boys to see the ceremony Egyptian collection includes over one thousand and... At the keelaybang a camp is formed by erecting a long, slender and graceful, many. Blacks remained, and exhibit white stones ( quartz crystals ) to the kackaroo and were marvellously mimics! Includes over one thousand objects and is one of the women lands are located in the same square but...