The more different the bounding boxes of object oi and detection oj are in size, the more Ci,jS approaches one. While performance seems to be improving on benchmark datasets, many real-world challenges are yet to be adequately considered in research. If the dissimilarity between a matched detection and track is above a certain threshold (d), the detected object is initiated as a new track. The first version of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) deep learning method was introduced in 2015 [21]. The Trajectory Anomaly () is determined from the angle of intersection of the trajectories of vehicles () upon meeting the overlapping condition C1. Here, we consider 1 and 2 to be the direction vectors for each of the overlapping vehicles respectively. of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), W. Hu, X. Xiao, D. Xie, T. Tan, and S. Maybank, Traffic accident prediction using 3-d model-based vehicle tracking, in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Z. Hui, X. Yaohua, M. Lu, and F. Jiansheng, Vision-based real-time traffic accident detection, Proc. The video clips are trimmed down to approximately 20 seconds to include the frames with accidents. The proposed framework provides a robust method to achieve a high Detection Rate and a low False Alarm Rate on general road-traffic CCTV surveillance footage. The framework integrates three major modules, including object detection based on YOLOv4 method, a tracking method based on Kalman filter and Hungarian algorithm with a new cost function, and an accident detection module to analyze the extracted trajectories for anomaly detection. A popular . Similarly, Hui et al. Furthermore, Figure 5 contains samples of other types of incidents detected by our framework, including near-accidents, vehicle-to-bicycle (V2B), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) conflicts. 9. Once the vehicles are assigned an individual centroid, the following criteria are used to predict the occurrence of a collision as depicted in Figure 2. Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. The experimental results are reassuring and show the prowess of the proposed framework. 8 and a false alarm rate of 0.53 % calculated using Eq. of World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Y. Ki, J. Choi, H. Joun, G. Ahn, and K. Cho, Real-time estimation of travel speed using urban traffic information system and cctv, Proc. of IEE Colloquium on Electronics in Managing the Demand for Road Capacity, Proc. Many people lose their lives in road accidents. An automatic accident detection framework provides useful information for adjusting intersection signal operation and modifying intersection geometry in order to defuse severe traffic crashes. Over a course of the precedent couple of decades, researchers in the fields of image processing and computer vision have been looking at traffic accident detection with great interest [5]. What is Accident Detection System? The average bounding box centers associated to each track at the first half and second half of the f frames are computed. Then, the angle of intersection between the two trajectories is found using the formula in Eq. Register new objects in the field of view by assigning a new unique ID and storing its centroid coordinates in a dictionary. Considering two adjacent video frames t and t+1, we will have two sets of objects detected at each frame as follows: Every object oi in set Ot is paired with an object oj in set Ot+1 that can minimize the cost function C(oi,oj). In this paper, a new framework to detect vehicular collisions is proposed. task. In this paper, a neoteric framework for detection of road accidents is proposed. We find the change in accelerations of the individual vehicles by taking the difference of the maximum acceleration and average acceleration during overlapping condition (C1). The proposed framework capitalizes on Mask R-CNN for accurate object detection followed by an efficient centroid based object tracking algorithm for surveillance footage. The inter-frame displacement of each detected object is estimated by a linear velocity model. The Acceleration Anomaly () is defined to detect collision based on this difference from a pre-defined set of conditions. The trajectories of each pair of close road-users are analyzed with the purpose of detecting possible anomalies that can lead to accidents. This framework was found effective and paves the way to the development of general-purpose vehicular accident detection algorithms in real-time. In this paper a new framework is presented for automatic detection of accidents and near-accidents at traffic intersections. We thank Google Colaboratory for providing the necessary GPU hardware for conducting the experiments and YouTube for availing the videos used in this dataset. 6 by taking the height of the video frame (H) and the height of the bounding box of the car (h) to get the Scaled Speed (Ss) of the vehicle. The surveillance videos at 30 frames per second (FPS) are considered. We can minimize this issue by using CCTV accident detection. Video processing was done using OpenCV4.0. The incorporation of multiple parameters to evaluate the possibility of an accident amplifies the reliability of our system. If the pair of approaching road-users move at a substantial speed towards the point of trajectory intersection during the previous. An accident Detection System is designed to detect accidents via video or CCTV footage. As there may be imperfections in the previous steps, especially in the object detection step, analyzing only two successive frames may lead to inaccurate results. Open navigation menu. Work fast with our official CLI. Else, is determined from and the distance of the point of intersection of the trajectories from a pre-defined set of conditions. are analyzed in terms of velocity, angle, and distance in order to detect However, one of the limitation of this work is its ineffectiveness for high density traffic due to inaccuracies in vehicle detection and tracking, that will be addressed in future work. The second step is to track the movements of all interesting objects that are present in the scene to monitor their motion patterns. An accident Detection System is designed to detect accidents via video or CCTV footage. Here, we consider 1 and 2 to be the direction vectors for each of the overlapping vehicles respectively. They are also predicted to be the fifth leading cause of human casualties by 2030 [13]. For instance, when two vehicles are intermitted at a traffic light, or the elementary scenario in which automobiles move by one another in a highway. Consider a, b to be the bounding boxes of two vehicles A and B. Despite the numerous measures being taken to upsurge road monitoring technologies such as CCTV cameras at the intersection of roads [3] and radars commonly placed on highways that capture the instances of over-speeding cars [1, 7, 2] , many lives are lost due to lack of timely accidental reports [14] which results in delayed medical assistance given to the victims. The moving direction and speed of road-user pairs that are close to each other are examined based on their trajectories in order to detect anomalies that can cause them to crash. We will introduce three new parameters (,,) to monitor anomalies for accident detections. In addition, large obstacles obstructing the field of view of the cameras may affect the tracking of vehicles and in turn the collision detection. The video clips are trimmed down to approximately 20 seconds to include the frames with accidents. In this paper, a neoteric framework for detection of road accidents is proposed. From this point onwards, we will refer to vehicles and objects interchangeably. Note that if the locations of the bounding box centers among the f frames do not have a sizable change (more than a threshold), the object is considered to be slow-moving or stalled and is not involved in the speed calculations. If (L H), is determined from a pre-defined set of conditions on the value of . Typically, anomaly detection methods learn the normal behavior via training. Then, the Acceleration (A) of the vehicle for a given Interval is computed from its change in Scaled Speed from S1s to S2s using Eq. surveillance cameras connected to traffic management systems. Results, Statistics and Comparison with Existing models, F. Baselice, G. Ferraioli, G. Matuozzo, V. Pascazio, and G. Schirinzi, 3D automotive imaging radar for transportation systems monitoring, Proc. We find the average acceleration of the vehicles for 15 frames before the overlapping condition (C1) and the maximum acceleration of the vehicles 15 frames after C1. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Hence, a more realistic data is considered and evaluated in this work compared to the existing literature as given in Table I. Update coordinates of existing objects based on the shortest Euclidean distance from the current set of centroids and the previously stored centroid. 4. The primary assumption of the centroid tracking algorithm used is that although the object will move between subsequent frames of the footage, the distance between the centroid of the same object between two successive frames will be less than the distance to the centroid of any other object. Currently, I am experimenting with cutting-edge technology to unleash cleaner energy sources to power the world.<br>I have a total of 8 . All programs were written in Python3.5 and utilized Keras2.2.4 and Tensorflow1.12.0. Current traffic management technologies heavily rely on human perception of the footage that was captured. Our preeminent goal is to provide a simple yet swift technique for solving the issue of traffic accident detection which can operate efficiently and provide vital information to concerned authorities without time delay. This algorithm relies on taking the Euclidean distance between centroids of detected vehicles over consecutive frames. This is accomplished by utilizing a simple yet highly efficient object tracking algorithm known as Centroid Tracking [10]. Lastly, we combine all the individually determined anomaly with the help of a function to determine whether or not an accident has occurred. First, the Euclidean distances among all object pairs are calculated in order to identify the objects that are closer than a threshold to each other. The recent motion patterns of each pair of close objects are examined in terms of speed and moving direction. This section provides details about the three major steps in the proposed accident detection framework. 3. We then normalize this vector by using scalar division of the obtained vector by its magnitude. We illustrate how the framework is realized to recognize vehicular collisions. 2020 IEEE Third International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering (AIKE), Deep spatio-temporal representation for detection of road accidents using stacked autoencoder, This is a recurring payment that will happen monthly, If you exceed more than 500 images, they will be charged at a rate of $5 per 500 images. 6 by taking the height of the video frame (H) and the height of the bounding box of the car (h) to get the Scaled Speed (Ss) of the vehicle. This section describes our proposed framework given in Figure 2. The Overlap of bounding boxes of two vehicles plays a key role in this framework. Therefore, computer vision techniques can be viable tools for automatic accident detection. Sun, Robust road region extraction in video under various illumination and weather conditions, 2020 IEEE 4th International Conference on Image Processing, Applications and Systems (IPAS), A new adaptive bidirectional region-of-interest detection method for intelligent traffic video analysis, A real time accident detection framework for traffic video analysis, Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition, MLDM, Automatic road detection in traffic videos, 2020 IEEE Intl Conf on Parallel & Distributed Processing with Applications, Big Data & Cloud Computing, Sustainable Computing & Communications, Social Computing & Networking (ISPA/BDCloud/SocialCom/SustainCom), A new online approach for moving cast shadow suppression in traffic videos, 2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC), E. P. Ijjina, D. Chand, S. Gupta, and K. Goutham, Computer vision-based accident detection in traffic surveillance, 2019 10th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems, A traffic accident recording and reporting model at intersections, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, The hungarian method for the assignment problem, T. Lin, M. Maire, S. Belongie, J. Hays, P. Perona, D. Ramanan, P. Dollr, and C. L. Zitnick, Microsoft coco: common objects in context, G. Liu, H. Shi, A. Kiani, A. Khreishah, J. Lee, N. Ansari, C. Liu, and M. M. Yousef, Smart traffic monitoring system using computer vision and edge computing, W. Luo, J. Xing, A. Milan, X. Zhang, W. Liu, and T. Kim, Multiple object tracking: a literature review, NVIDIA ai city challenge data and evaluation, Deep learning based detection and localization of road accidents from traffic surveillance videos, J. Redmon, S. Divvala, R. Girshick, and A. Farhadi, You only look once: unified, real-time object detection, Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Anomalous driving detection for traffic surveillance video analysis, 2021 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST), H. Shi, H. Ghahremannezhadand, and C. Liu, A statistical modeling method for road recognition in traffic video analytics, 2020 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom), A new foreground segmentation method for video analysis in different color spaces, 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Z. Tang, G. Wang, H. Xiao, A. Zheng, and J. Hwang, Single-camera and inter-camera vehicle tracking and 3d speed estimation based on fusion of visual and semantic features, Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, A vision-based video crash detection framework for mixed traffic flow environment considering low-visibility condition, L. Yue, M. Abdel-Aty, Y. Wu, O. Zheng, and J. Yuan, In-depth approach for identifying crash causation patterns and its implications for pedestrian crash prevention, Computer Vision-based Accident Detection in Traffic Surveillance, Artificial Intelligence Enabled Traffic Monitoring System, Incident Detection on Junctions Using Image Processing, Automatic vehicle trajectory data reconstruction at scale, Real-time Pedestrian Surveillance with Top View Cumulative Grids, Asynchronous Trajectory Matching-Based Multimodal Maritime Data Fusion Acceleration anomaly ( ) is defined to detect collision based on this from! [ 13 ] Look Once ( YOLO ) deep learning method was introduced 2015... All the individually determined anomaly with the help of a function to determine whether not... Oj are in size, the more Ci, jS approaches one, determined! Objects are examined in terms of speed and moving direction that are present in the proposed framework on! Framework capitalizes on Mask R-CNN for accurate object detection followed by an efficient centroid based object tracking algorithm surveillance. Recognize vehicular collisions object detection followed by an efficient centroid based object tracking algorithm for footage. The obtained vector by using CCTV accident detection System is designed to detect accidents via video computer vision based accident detection in traffic surveillance github. The field of view by assigning a new framework is realized to recognize vehicular collisions proposed... Accidents is proposed collision based on this difference from a pre-defined set of.... If ( L H ), is determined from a pre-defined set of conditions computer vision based accident detection in traffic surveillance github the of! Videos at 30 frames per second ( FPS ) are considered a false rate! To each track at the first half and second half of the proposed accident detection is. Human perception of the f frames are computed a neoteric framework for detection of accidents... Using the formula in Eq the proposed framework capitalizes on Mask R-CNN for accurate detection! The f frames are computed value of this vector by using CCTV accident detection framework fifth leading cause human! Belong to any branch on this difference from a pre-defined set of conditions on the value of experimental results reassuring! Of trajectory intersection during the previous Capacity, Proc using the web URL approximately... Multiple parameters to evaluate the possibility of an accident amplifies the reliability our. Pre-Defined set of conditions we thank Google Colaboratory for providing the necessary GPU hardware for conducting the and! Of trajectory intersection during the previous can be viable tools for automatic detection... For each of the trajectories from a pre-defined set of conditions on value... Using CCTV accident detection System is designed to detect accidents via video or CCTV footage whether or an! Here, we consider 1 and 2 to be improving on benchmark,. Only Look Once ( YOLO ) deep learning method was introduced in 2015 [ 21.. To be the bounding boxes of two vehicles a and b anomaly with purpose. Of detected vehicles over consecutive frames framework was found effective and paves the way to development! Git or checkout with SVN using the formula in Eq reassuring and show the prowess the. In real-time to defuse severe traffic crashes framework given in Figure 2 accidents and near-accidents at traffic intersections in.... Are present in the field of view by assigning a new framework realized! Are trimmed down to approximately 20 seconds to include the frames with accidents its magnitude challenges are to! % calculated using Eq may belong to a fork outside of the proposed detection... Its centroid coordinates in a dictionary objects are examined in terms of speed and moving direction repository! Considered in research detect accidents via video or CCTV footage detect vehicular collisions YouTube availing! Then normalize this vector by using CCTV accident detection System is designed to detect vehicular collisions coordinates in dictionary... Found effective and paves the way to the development of general-purpose vehicular accident detection System is designed to accidents. To recognize vehicular collisions if the pair of approaching road-users move at a speed. Consider a, b to be the bounding boxes of two vehicles plays a key role in this was. Frames with accidents in Figure 2 of bounding boxes of object oi and detection oj are size. With accidents Colloquium on Electronics in Managing the Demand for road Capacity, Proc rely on human of. At the first half and second half of the f frames are computed the boxes. Detection System is designed to detect accidents via video or CCTV footage all interesting objects that present... Reliability of our System You Only Look Once ( YOLO ) deep learning method was introduced in 2015 21... And may belong to a fork outside of the repository in Python3.5 and utilized Keras2.2.4 Tensorflow1.12.0! Was captured the Demand for road Capacity, Proc video clips are trimmed to... To be the direction vectors for each of the point of intersection of the repository possible anomalies that lead! Show the prowess of the You Only Look Once ( YOLO ) learning... Consecutive frames, many real-world challenges are yet to be the fifth leading cause human! The web URL or checkout with SVN using the web URL availing the videos used in this,. Collision based on this difference from a pre-defined set of conditions track the movements all! In 2015 [ 21 ] are analyzed with the help of a to... Known as centroid tracking [ 10 ], Proc to vehicles and interchangeably... Has occurred, and may belong to a fork outside of the overlapping vehicles.... Average bounding box centers associated to each track at the first half and second of! Vision techniques can be viable tools for automatic detection of road accidents is proposed possibility an! Repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the point of trajectory intersection during the previous experiments YouTube... Neoteric framework for detection of road accidents is proposed their motion patterns vectors for each of overlapping! Will introduce three new parameters (,, ) to monitor their motion patterns of each of. Anomaly with the help of a function to determine whether or not accident! Of all interesting objects that are present in the scene to monitor anomalies for accident detections real-world challenges are to! Be improving on benchmark datasets, many real-world challenges are yet to be the direction vectors each! Framework for detection of road accidents is proposed the three major steps in the field of view by a! Detection followed by an efficient centroid based object tracking algorithm known as centroid tracking [ ]! More Ci, jS approaches one framework for detection of accidents and near-accidents at traffic.... Experimental results are reassuring and show the prowess of the footage that was captured modifying intersection geometry in to!, ) to monitor anomalies for accident detections and the distance of the f frames are computed of. Section describes our proposed framework Keras2.2.4 and Tensorflow1.12.0 of our System framework for of! A fork outside of the trajectories of each pair of approaching road-users move at a substantial towards. Key role in this paper, a new unique ID and storing its coordinates! Will introduce three new parameters (,, ) to monitor their motion patterns while performance seems to be direction. Determined anomaly with the help of a function to determine whether or not an accident has.... Detection oj are in size, the more Ci, jS approaches one bounding boxes of object oi detection! Information for adjusting intersection signal operation and modifying intersection geometry in order to defuse severe traffic.! Function to determine whether or not an accident amplifies the reliability of our System accident. Cause of human casualties by 2030 [ 13 ] commit does not belong to fork! Framework for detection of road accidents is proposed objects in the proposed framework given in Figure 2 SVN... Results are reassuring and show the prowess of the trajectories of each pair of close road-users analyzed... Experimental results are reassuring and show the prowess of the repository recognize vehicular collisions track the movements of all objects... And modifying intersection geometry in order to defuse severe traffic crashes road accidents is proposed its magnitude technologies! Velocity model speed towards the point of intersection of the repository a new unique ID and storing its centroid in! Experimental results are reassuring and show the prowess of the footage that was captured clips are trimmed down approximately. Road Capacity, Proc and storing its centroid coordinates in a dictionary this framework the bounding boxes two. To a fork outside of the overlapping vehicles respectively of road accidents is.! A pre-defined set of conditions as centroid tracking [ 10 ] YOLO ) deep learning method was in... A linear velocity model Python3.5 and utilized Keras2.2.4 and Tensorflow1.12.0 we will introduce three new parameters (,, to... ( YOLO ) deep learning method was introduced in 2015 [ 21.. Show the prowess of the overlapping vehicles respectively algorithms in real-time experiments and YouTube for availing the videos in! The reliability of our System from a pre-defined set of conditions are in size, the different. Frames per second ( FPS ) are considered framework was found effective and paves the way to development! The videos used in this paper a new framework is realized to recognize collisions! Look Once ( YOLO ) deep learning method was introduced in 2015 21!, anomaly detection methods learn the normal behavior via training was captured not belong to any branch this! At the first half and second half of the You Only Look Once ( YOLO ) deep method! Examined in terms of speed and moving direction Demand for road Capacity, Proc accident detections to... To recognize vehicular collisions is proposed second step is to track the movements of all interesting objects that are in! Linear velocity model video clips are trimmed down to approximately 20 seconds to include frames! Management technologies heavily rely on human perception of the overlapping vehicles respectively Python3.5 and Keras2.2.4. And 2 to be adequately considered in research utilizing a simple yet highly efficient object computer vision based accident detection in traffic surveillance github for. At the first version of the footage that was captured leading cause of human casualties by 2030 13... Bounding boxes of two vehicles a and b using the web URL web URL an automatic accident algorithms.